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| Dilated Cardiomyopathy. [Source] |
This is the most common type of cardiomyopathy.
In this disorder, your heart's main pumping chamber — the left ventricle — becomes enlarged (dilated), its pumping ability becomes less forceful, and blood doesn't flow as easily through the heart.
Although this type can affect people of all ages, it occurs most often in middle-aged people and is more likely to affect men. Some people with dilated cardiomyopathy have a family history of the condition. About 25% of cases are inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait.
Causes
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| Known Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. [Source] |
- Alcohol (alcoholic cardiomyopathy) or cocaine abuse
- Alcohol abuse is an important aetiological factor in a significant number of patients.
- Atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, or other heart rhythm problems in which the heart beats very fast for a long period of time (called Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy)
- Autoimmune illnesses that involve the heart, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
- A substantial group is due to a late autoimmune reaction to viral myocarditis.
- Catecholamine excess from a tumor that releases catecholamines (pheochromocytoma)
- Coronary artery disease
- Deficiencies of certain vitamins and minerals (thiamine, calcium, magnesium)
- End-stage kidney disease
- Family history of cardiomyopathy (some cardiomyopathies run in families and have a genetic component)
- Infections that involve the heart muscle, such as viruses, HIV infection, Chagas disease, and Lyme disease
- Up to 10% of patients with advanced HIV infection develop dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Inherited disorders such as muscular dystrophy
- Medications that can be toxic to the heart (such as some chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer)
- Poorly controlled high blood pressure
- Pregnancy (See: Peripartum cardiomyopathy)
- Stress-induced cardiomyopathy
- Trace elements, such as lead, arsenic, or mercury
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