Causes of Delirium (Medical Mnemonics)

DELIRIUMS

D	Drugs
E	Eyes, ears (Disorientation)
L	Low oxygen (MI, ARDS, PE, CHF, COPD)
I
R	Retention (Urine, Stool)/ Restrains
I	Ictal
U	Underhydration/ Undernutrition
M	Metabolic
S	Subdural/ Sleep deprivation

Further Reading

Drugs Causing Delirium (Medical Mnemonics)

ACUTE CHANGE IN MS

A	Antibiotics	(Biaxin, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin)
C	Cardiac drugs	(Digoxin, Lidocaine)
U	Urinary incontinence drugs	(Anticholinergics)
T	Theophylline
E	Ethanol
C	Corticosteroids
H	H2 Blockers
A	Antiparkinsonian drugs
N	Narcotics	(Mepridine)
G	Geriatric psychiatric drugs
E	ENT drugs
I	Insomnia drugs
N	NSAIDs	(Indomethacin, Naproxin)
M
S	Seizure medicines

Further Reading

Clinical Features of Delirium (Medical Mnemonics)

DELIRIUM

D	Disordered thinking
E	Euphoria, fearful, depressed, or angry
L	Language impaired
I	Illusions, delusions, hallucinations
R	Reversal od sleep-wake cycle
I	Inattention
U	Unaware/ disoriented
M	Memory deficit

Further Reading

Causes of Chorea (Medical Mnemonics)

St. VITUS'S DANCE

St	Sydenham
V	Vascular
I	Increased RBC (Polycythaemia)
T	Toxins (CO, Mg, Hg)
U	Uraemia
S	SLE
'
S	Senile chorea
D	Drugs
A	Alpha syndrome
N	Neurodegenerative disorders (Huntington's disease, Neuroacanthocytosis, DPRLA)
C	Conception related (Pregnancy, OCP)
E	Endocrine (Hyperthyroidism, Hypo/ hyperglycaemia)

Fig 1: Sydenham Chorea

Further Reading

Clinical Features of Fragile X Syndrome (Medical Mnemonics)

FEMALES

F	FMR1 Gene
E	Exhibits anticipation
M	Macro-orchidism
A	Autism
L	Long face with large Jaw
E	Everted eyes
S	Second most common cause of genetic retardation

Fig 1 : Fragile X Syndrome

Further Reading

Clinical Features of Hypokalaemia (Medical Mnemonics)

T	Tetany	Fig 1: T wave and U wave in Hypokalaemia
I	Increases paralytic ileus (aggravates)
M	Muscle weakness
I	Increases possibility of hepatic encephalopathy
D	Digoxin toxicity
C	Cardiac arrhythmias
H
I	Increases PR interval, T wave and prominent U wave
M	Muscle cramps
P	Polyuria

Further Reading | Fig 1

Causes of Erythema Nodosum (Medical Mnemonics)

Fig 1: Erythema Nodosum

NODOOSSSUM

N	NSAIDs
O	Oral contraceptive pills
D	Darling's disease (Histoplasmosis)
O	Ohio valley disase
O	COccidiodomycosis
S	Sulphonamides
S	Strep A Haemolytic
S	Syphilis
S	Sarcoidosis
U	Ulcerative COlitis
M	Mycobacterium TB
M	RheuMatic Fever

Also Pregnancy

Further Reading | Fig 1

Causes of Hypercalcaemia (Mnemonics)

MD PIMP ME           Malignancy   Diuretics (thiazide is main culprit)   ↑PTH      
                                    Immobilisation/Idiopathic   Megadoses of vit A, D   Paget's
                                    Milk alkali   Endocrine (Addison's, Thyrotoxicosis)

VITAMIN TRAPS    ↑VitA & D   Immobilisation   Thyrotoxicosis    Addison's dis/ Acidosis
                                    Milk-alkali   Inflammatory dis   Neoplastic   Thiazides, other drugs
                                    Rhabdomyolysis   AIDS   Paget's/ Parenteral nutrition/ Parathyroid dis
                                    Sarcoidosis    
             
GRIM FED                Granulomas (Sarcoid, TB)   Renal failure   Immobility (esp LT)   Malignancy
                                    Familial (eg familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia)   Endocrine
                                    Drugs (esp thiazide diuretics, lithium)

Mnemonics for Syncope/ Loss of Consciousness/ Spells

CAMPUS

• C:  CAD
• A:  Arrythmias/ Aortic Stenosis
• M: Migraine/ Meds
• P:  Psychiatric /Personality disorder( hyperventilation)
• U:  Unexplained Syncope
• S:  Seizures/Strokes

Mnemonics for Dizziness

Click here for mindmap


M Very DIZI

• M:  Meniere's
• Very:   Vestibulitis, Lybrinthitis, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
• D:   Drug
• I:    Intra Cranial Tumor: Accoustic Neuroma
• Z:   Zero Blood Pressure
• I:    Intersitial nephritis

DENTAL CAMPUS

• D:   Diabetic comp ( Orthostatic )
• E:   Ear problems (Meniere’s/ BPV)
• N:   Neural tumors/Neuropathy
• T:   Thyroid
• A:   Anemia
• L:   leave me
• CAMPUS:   is same as is for SPELLS/LOC/SYNCOPE